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Eileen Jeanette Vancho Lyttle Garrett (17 March 1893 – 15 September 1970) was an Irish medium and parapsychologist.〔Raymond Buckland. (2005). ''The Spirit Book: The Encyclopedia of Clairvoyance, Channeling, and Spirit Communication''. Visible Ink Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1578592135〕 Garrett's alleged psychic abilities were tested in the 1930s by Joseph Rhine and others. Rhine claimed that she had genuine psychic abilities, but subsequent studies were unable to replicate his results, and Garrett's abilities were later shown to be consistent with chance guessing.〔A. S. Russell, John Andrews Benn. (1938). (''Discovery the Popular Journal of Knowledge'' ). Cambridge University Press. pp. 305–306〕 Garrett elicited controversy after the R101 crash, when she held a series of séances at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research claiming to be in contact with victims of the disaster. John Booth, and others, investigated her claims, and found them to be valueless, easily explainable, or the result of fraud.〔John Booth. (1986). ''Psychic Paradoxes''. Prometheus Books. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0879753580〕〔Melvin Harris. (2003). ''Investigating the Unexplained: Psychic Detectives, the Amityville Horror-mongers, Jack the Ripper, and Other Mysteries of the Paranormal''. Prometheus Books. pp. 171–182. ISBN 978-1591021087〕 Garrett was married three times, and had four children. Garrett died after a long illness on 15 September 1970, in Nice, France.〔 == Biography == Garrett was Born at Beauparc, County Meath in Ireland (now The Republic of Ireland) on 17 March 1893.〔Lewis Spence. (2003). ''Encyclopedia of Occultism and Parapsychology''. Kessinger Publishing. p. 366. ISBN 978-1161361827〕 Her parents committed suicide and Garrett went to live with her aunt.〔Jon Klimo. (1987). ''Channeling: Investigations on Receiving Information from Paranormal Sources''. Jeremy P. Tarcher. p. 154. ISBN 978-1556432484〕 Garrett admitted she had a very unpleasant childhood and because of the anger of her aunt would "separate into a world of her own" where she could dissociate from her surroundings. She claimed to have developed psychic ability in her youth. She later married and claimed to hear voices and show symptoms of a dissociative identity disorder. Both Garrett and her husband believed she was on the "brink of madness", however, Garrett came to accept her condition and took up trance mediumship.〔Jenny Hazelgrove. (2000). ''Spiritualism and British Society Between the Wars''. Manchester University Press. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-0719055591〕 The psychologist Jan Ehrenwald wrote that Garrett's claims of psychic ability could easily be explained by "megalomania... ideas of grandeur" as she experienced mental dissociation, hallucinations and had an eccentric disposition from her childhood.〔John Booth. (1986). ''Psychic Paradoxes''. Prometheus Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-0879753580〕 Garrett married three times. Her first marriage was to Clive Barry and they had three sons all of whom died young and a daughter, Eileen Coly who took interest in parapsychology.〔Rosemary Guiley. (1994). ''The Guinness Encyclopedia of Ghosts and Spirits''. Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 132–133. ISBN 978-0851127484〕 Garrett worked at a hostel for wounded soldiers during World War I.〔 In 1931 she was invited to the United States by the American Society for Psychical Research and performed experiments for various psychical researchers in both America and Europe until the 1950s.〔Helene Pleasants. (1964). ''Biographical Dictionary of Parapsychology with Directory and Glossary 1946–1996''. New York: Garrett Publications. p. 118〕 Garrett was not a proponent of the spiritualist hypothesis and attributed her mediumship not to spirits but to the activity of a "magnetic field".〔Gordon Lewis. (1987). ''Confronting the Cults''. P & R Publishing Company. p. 168. ISBN 978-0875523231〕 Garrett wrote "In all my years' professional mediumship I have had no "sign", "test" or slightest evidence to make me believe I have contacted another world." She considered that her trance controls were personalities from her subconscious and admitted to the parapsychologist Peter Underwood "I do not believe in individual survival after death".〔Peter Underwood . (1983). ''No Common Task: The Autobiography of a Ghost-Hunter''. George G. Harrap & Co Ltd. p. 56. ISBN 978-0245539596〕 The main trance controls of Garrett were known as "Abdul Latif" and "Uvani".〔Daniel Cohen. (1971). ''Masters of the Occult''. Dodd, Mead and Company. p. 211. ISBN 978-0396064077〕 In 1934 Garrett voluntarily submitted herself to an analysis by the psychologist William Brown and by word-association tests by the psychical researcher Whately Carington. The tests had proven that her controls were secondary personalities from her subconscious, organised around repressed material.〔Hornell Hart. (1959). ''The Enigma of Survival''. Rider. p. 138〕 The psychical researcher Hereward Carrington with his colleagues also examined the trance controls in many séance sittings. They utilised instruments to measure everything from galvanic skin response to blood pressure and concluded from the results that the controls were nothing more than secondary personalities of Garrett and there was no spirits or telepathy involved.〔Peter H. Aykroyd, Angela Narth and Dan Aykroyd. (2009). ''A History of Ghosts: The True Story of Séances, Mediums, Ghosts, and Ghostbusters''. Rodale Books. pp. 74–75. ISBN 978-1605298757〕 Garrett regarded her trance controls as "principles of the subconscious" formed by her own inner needs.〔 She founded the Parapsychology Foundation in New York City in 1951.〔Lawrence Samuel. (2011). ''Supernatural America: A Cultural History''. Praeger Publishers. p. 64. ISBN 978-0313398995〕 Garrett died after a long illness on 15 September 1970, in Nice, France.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eileen J. Garrett」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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